Word: facto
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...concluding statement Hughes called on the President to bar federal aid to any school which practices discrimination, and demanded that the Senate reject the appointments of federal judges who are segregationists. Referring to Boston's racial problems, he cited the ending of de facto segregation in the suburbs as the single most important task. A two-minute ovation, greeted the end of Hughes' speech...
Discrimination has become a very subtle and refined skill in the North. Only the naive take the fact that a firm keeps no records about race as proof of fair employment policy. Only a color-conscious count of heads can discover de facto discrimination. And obviously, the government cannot excuse from such counts those institutions which insist upon their righteousness...
...unionists such as Ali Yahia, an ex-schoolteacher who believes that living standards can be maintained only through cooperation with France. Even more bitterly opposed to the Politburo are the 250,000 Algerian workers in France, whose organization still refuses to send funds to Ben Bella's de facto government...
...Chicago, where schools are 40% Negro. Federal Judge Julius J. Hoffman recently dismissed a similar suit on technical grounds, but added: "Chicago cannot deny the existence of de facto segregation or excuse it on the pretext of a benign indifference." Chicago's $48,500-a-year (tops in the U.S.) School Superintendent Benjamin Willis long defended neighborhood schools. Last month Willis retreated to an imitation of New York City's two-year-old "open enrollment" plan, which this fall will allow 9,000 youngsters in heavily Negro and Puerto Rican schools to attend underused schools in white neighborhoods...
...Princeton (N.J.) Plan" of using one school for all children of perhaps three grades, using a second school for three other grades, and so on. This works well in small communities, notably in Willow Grove, Pa., but involves buses in bigger places. The Northern school dilemma, rooted in de facto segregation in housing, is the difficulty of reconciling the cause called integration with the common sense of walk-to-school...