Word: faithfulness
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...perestroika (economic restructuring), glasnost (openness) and demokratizatsiya (democratization). Not since the Bolsheviks were trounced in the Constituent Assembly races of November 1917 had citizens of the Soviet Union been given the chance to vote in a real national election. This time some highly visible keepers of the Bolshevik faith fared poorly. But for Gorbachev the results could be, if he uses them adroitly, the mandate he sought to move to the next stages of reform...
Eager to rejoin the international psychiatric establishment, the Soviets have spared little effort to show their good faith. In the past two years, the government has released more than 100 dissidents from hospitals and carried out several legal and procedural reforms. The new regulations provide that mental patients or their relatives can appeal an involuntary hospitalization in court. Moreover, control of special psychiatric hospitals for the criminally insane has been shifted from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which oversees the police, to the Ministry of Health. And in a break with the Soviets' monolithic tradition, a few articles discussing psychoanalysis...
Small wonder that Malevich is seen, in Soviet terms, as the bridge between tradition and innovation: a sort of starets, a holy man or prophet, whose images invoke deep strands of identification with religious faith and folk culture while pointing to a future wreathed in theory. The reinstatement of Malevich had been under way for years, and yet this show was certainly one of the events in the Soviet Union's intellectual life that define the cultural consequences of glasnost...
...among all leaders still forbids any direct criticism of Gorbachev's policies. Such debate as does occur is carried on in Aesopian language, and history is currently the favored supplier of code words. Thus when Yegor Ligachev and other conservatives cry that denunciations of Stalin are shaking people's faith in the Soviet system, they are really saying that perestroika and glasnost are going too far. Gorbachev's partisans get the point, and respond with redoubled attacks on Stalin and his admirers today...
...asked about man's need for religion. Boyko, a 32-year veteran of the classroom, was understandably startled: religion has long been taboo in Soviet schools. But instead of avoiding the issue, she led her students through a 30- minute debate on the universal search for faith. "Before school reform, parents would have come to me, frightened that religion had even come up," Boyko said. "Now no one is surprised...