Word: fallopian
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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When I first learned about menstruation at age seven," says Margie Profet, "I couldn't believe it! Then when we watched these films when I was 10 or 11 -- remember those cartoons that showed the ovaries and the Fallopian tubes? -- I thought, This is really bizarre. And when they said, 'Well, the body gets rid of the uterine lining because it has nothing to do,' I thought that didn't make sense. It bugged...
...human biology, and perform them in vitro, "in glass." By removing mature eggs from the ovaries, mixing them with sperm in a Petri dish and reintroducing the resulting embryos directly into the uterus, doctors can bypass most of the important barriers to fertility, from low sperm counts to nonfunctioning Fallopian tubes...
...1980s at Dr. Ricardo Asch's laboratory at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Asch was trying to find a simpler way to do IVF, one that would not require the skills of an embryologist, when he hit upon the procedure he called gamete intra-Fallopian transfer, or GIFT. Rather than attempting fertilization in a Petri dish, he simply loaded the sperm and eggs (known to biologists as gametes) into a fine pipette and inserted them into the Fallopian tube, where he hoped they would take care of business by themselves. Not only did they fertilize, but they implanted...
...retrieval procedure. In GIFT, by contrast, the embryo drifts quietly into the uterus, much as it would naturally. To further improve the success rates, Asch's researchers tried fertilizing the egg in a lab dish and then placing the pre-embryo, or zygote, directly into the Fallopian tube -- a procedure known as ZIFT (zygote intra- Fallopian transfer...
...April scientists from Israel and the U.S reported a new finding that may offer yet another way to help infertile couples. It had long been assumed that there was no communication between egg and sperm until they collided in the Fallopian tube. But by closely watching the behavior of sperm in test tubes containing the fluid from an egg's follicular sac, an interesting effect was observed. A small number of sperm seemed to change their swimming patterns in response to chemicals secreted by the egg or cells around...