Word: far
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Far from being a uniformly distributed collection of galaxies, as the textbooks have long assumed, the cosmos seems to be organized into immense bubbles, each of them about 150 million light-years across. The walls of the bubbles are galaxies, and the interiors appear to be virtually empty. Most surprising of all is a feature Geller and Huchra call the "Great Wall" -- a sheet of galaxies at least 200 million light-years wide, 500 million long and perhaps 15 million thick. It looks like a single structure, but the scientists say it may instead be made up of the walls...
...study is not the first to see dark voids and large conglomerations of galaxies, but it is by far the most comprehensive. The reason no one had done such a search earlier, says Huchra, is that galaxy mapping is extremely time consuming. Their survey of 4,000 galaxies took about 1,000 hours of telescope time...
...each galaxy's light into its constituent colors. Within the spectrum he could see lines representing various elements in and around the galaxy's stars. These lines appear to be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum, depending on how fast the galaxy is moving and thus how far away from earth it is. By carefully measuring the degree of red shift, Huchra and Geller calculated the relative positions of the galaxies...
...European capitals too. Yet the U.S., as leader of the Western alliance, has both the chance and the obligation to try to frame a coordinated policy. Alas, that calls for a vision of a new European order -- and "the vision thing" has never been George Bush's forte. So far, his Administration has shown no inclination to do anything except stand on the sidelines and cheer. Some Bush officials argue that it is all Washington needs...
Nonetheless, Administration officials confide that so far as they are aware, Bush is doing only tactical planning, concentrating on getting through the summit without a major substantive mistake or public relations flop. The President and his briefers seem to have invested far more time in considering how to counter a surprise Gorbachev proposal than in pondering what Europe -- and the U.S. role in it -- will be like ten years from now. Says one foreign policy official: "We've got plenty of philosophy and vision for 'a Europe whole and free' ((one of Bush's standard phrases)). What...