Word: fascism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Back in the thirties, when communism meant waving a flag for Loyalist, Spain and damning fascism, when, Russia was bravely engaged in a government experiment, the American communist party may have been an intellectual and emotional gymnasium for the professors who jointed its ranks. Today, the clean battle of ideas has turned into a muddy wrestling match for survival. The grand experiment has fizzled; Russia is clearly an enemy and the communist party line no longer encloses the liberal camp. All this should be obvious to anyone who has been reading the newspapers during the past few years; it seems...
Died. Francesco Saverio Nitti, 84, scholarly Italian elder statesman who was forced by Mussolini into a 20-year exile for his unflinching opposition to Fascism; of influenza; in Rome. The late Premier Vittorio Orlando's World War I Finance Minister, roly-poly Nitti was a Premier himself, in 1919-20. During Mussolini's time he found haven in Paris, returned home in 1945 to help guide Italy's political and economic rebirth, thereafter served in Parliament as an energetic liberal...
...sound & fury, Oscar H. Shaftel, of the Queens English department, called it an "inquisition ... a bludgeon against academic freedom . . . I am sick." said he, "of teachers huddling ... in fear, hoping maybe a McCarran, a McCarthy or a Velde committee may overlook the bad thing they once said about fascism, or the time they chose to teach The Grapes of Wrath in class...
Died. Dr. Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, 70, anti-Fascist Italian-born author (Goliath, the March of Fascism; Common Cause) and longtime (1936-48) professor of Italian literature at the University of Chicago; of a cerebral thrombosis; in Fiesole, Italy. A tireless booster of the League of Nations, he became disillusioned after its failure, decided that nothing short of true world government would work. He regarded the U.N. with pity, called it "a child growing up in an iron lung" because it was not based on the abolition of political boundaries...
...earthquake and began his study of philosophy. A lifelong agnostic, he believed that the supernatural is no concern of the philosopher ("Man can only know that which he has experienced"), held that philosophy is no more than a method of history. He flirted briefly with Marxism, later with Fascism, quickly rejected both ("to assert that liberty is dead is the same as saying that life is dead"). When Mussolini came to power, Croce retired to Naples, where he waited out the course of Fascism, constantly badgered Mussolini in his magazine La Critica. Il Duce never dared molest "Don Benedetto" (although...