Word: fascisms
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...What made Germany susceptible to fascism--for that matter, what made Germany receptive to the Hohenzollerns and Bismarck? Is there something in German culture that perennially leads to autocratic aggression? These are the questions which the artists of the Weimar Republic, that butterfly-fragile democracy which governed Germany between World War I and Hitler's ascension in 1933, were beginning to ask themselves; and they are also the questions which we inevitably ask of Weimar...
...grow fewer every year. The voices that would deny it ever took place remain strident. The newer generations hurry heedlessly into the future. In this climate, turning even a small corner of this century's central horror into feel-good popular entertainment is abhorrent. Sentimentality is a kind of fascism too, robbing us of judgment and moral acuity, and it needs to be resisted. Life Is Beautiful is a good place to start...
...also politically lucky. Though to Nazis his work was the epitome of "degenerate art," his fame protected him during the German occupation of Paris, where he lived; and after the war, when artists and writers were thought disgraced by the slightest affiliation with Nazism or fascism, Picasso gave enthusiastic endorsement to Joseph Stalin, a mass murderer on a scale far beyond Hitler's, and scarcely received a word of criticism for it, even in cold war America...
...been the crucial century of its trial, testing and triumph. At the century's start, democracy was thought to be spreading irresistibly across the world. Then the Great War, the war of 1914-18, showed that democracy could not assure peace. Postwar disillusion activated democracy's two deadly foes: fascism and communism. Soon the Great Depression in the 1930s showed that democracy could not assure prosperity either, and the totalitarian creeds gathered momentum...
While recent history was written at the intersection of ideologies--communism versus capitalism, fascism versus democracy--the end of the cold war has produced a collection of other, more subtle challenges. In places as diverse as Kosovo and Colombo, new history is being written in the blood of deep-seated ethnic panics. "Global politics is being reconfigured along cultural lines," argues Harvard historian Samuel P. Huntington. "Political boundaries are increasingly redrawn to coincide with cultural ones: ethnic, religious and civilizational." At the same time, much of the world is being remade by a global economy that has linked political openness...