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DURING THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR, from July 1936 through March of 1939, the Basques suffered 336, 830 casualties--including dead, wounded, missing, and forcibly exiled. Of these casualties, 21,780 men, women and children had been executed. When the rebel forces (including Italian and German Fascist mercenary troops) occupied Bilbao, General Franco's first decree was to abolish the independence of the Basque country. Over thirty-thousand Basques-men and women-were imprisoned without due process, and more than two-hundred thousand Basques were forced into exile. Arbitrarily, by decree, the use of the Basque language was prohibited. On March...

Author: By Tom Wright, | Title: The Future of Spain | 11/17/1975 | See Source »

...massive right wing is now being called upon to suppress the left, with Franco's Civil War companions leading the general staff. The politicization of the army rightward will lead to increased support for the UDM--the junior officers' organization thrives on every new abuse of the entrenched fascist generals...

Author: By Jim Kaplan, | Title: The Future of Spain | 11/15/1975 | See Source »

...dissension within the ruling elite is only one expression of a central tension in Spanish society and politics. When the fascist state took power after the civil war, Spain was an underdeveloped country dominated by large landowners and independent peasants. But since 1945 tourism, foreign corporations, and emigrant labor have brought Spain a 7 per cent annual growth rate, the highest in Europe. This Spanish "economic miracle" created a large middle class un-sympathetic to fascist ideology and excluded from the political system. The bunker considers anything to its left as "communist", as did Franco himself, so that middle class...

Author: By Jonathan Zeitlin, | Title: The Future of Spain | 11/14/1975 | See Source »

...while Ford's Secretary of State, Henry A. Kissinger '50, continues to support economic aid to Chile and asks Congress for $250 million in economic aid to a fascist government in Spain, the president maintains that he will not give a penny of extra federal money to New York City...

Author: NO WRITER ATTRIBUTED | Title: Aid for New York | 11/5/1975 | See Source »

...Franco had assumed command of the country's political forces as well as its army. He took over the program and rhetoric of the Falange, a fascist party dedicated to violence and armed revolution, and vowed to build "a totalitarian instrument" that would "reinforce the hierarchic principle, exalt love of country, practice social justice and foster the well-being of the middle and working classes." Franco integrated the Falange into his Movimiento Nacional, made a secular saint of the Falange's executed leader, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, and used it to control rival political movements...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: The World: FINIS: 36 YEARS OF IRON RULE | 11/3/1975 | See Source »

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