Word: fats
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...certain which of them are the most important in causing atherosclerosis. But cholesterol has received the widest publicity, largely because it is the easiest to measure and thus be comes a handy guide to arterial and coronary health. Among peasants in India, starved of protein and of fat, a cholesterol level of 125 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood is common. It is about the same for fish-and-rice-eating Japanese. Among Americans living high off the hog, it hits 250 before a doctor begins to worry. And among men with coronary-artery disease...
...common source: their yolks are packed with the stuff. So are some meats. But the obvious explanation is only part of the truth. The high-blood-cholesterol man does not derive his cholesterol entirely or even mainly from his food. He manufactures most of it himself. And fat, it was found, is a prime raw material for his liver and other organs to use in making cholesterol...
This discovery soon proved to be another oversimplification. Most vegetable fats and oils cause little or no rise in blood cholesterol. So the line was drawn between animal and vegetable fats. But even that line was uncertain; it had to weave around to leave hard or saturated fats on one side and polyunsaturated fats on the other. The blubber of whales and the oil of seals and other marine mammals is polyunsaturated, so Eskimos can eat them and still keep their cholesterol low. Also polyunsaturated are the oils of fish. The fat of chickens and turkeys (unlike that of ducks...
Prudent Diet. Until 50 years ago, Americans consumed on the average only about 25% of their calories in the form of fat. They also got a great deal of physical exercise, which tends to keep fat from piling up either on the ribs or in the blood. By 1950, though, New York City's late Dr. Norman Jolliffe estimated that fats made up at least 40% of the average American's calories, and nearly all of them were hard, saturated fats...
...Jolliffe started the Anti-Coronary Club, with 700 men aged 40 to 59 pledged to cut their fats to 30% or less of total calories, to trim off all visible fat from meats such as beef and lamb, and to use whole milk, butter, pastries, cheese and creamy desserts only as treats on special occasions. After seven years, there is no doubt that Anti-Coronary members have lower blood-cholesterol levels than before, and evidence is piling up that they have won considerable immunity to heart attacks...