Word: fatted
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...trinity of bombs brought the war to a close: Jumbo, the device detonated in Alamagordo, New Mexico, to prove that atomic weapons could be made; Little Boy, the uranium titan that vaporized Hiroshima; and Fat Man, the plutonium monster that laid waste to Nagasaki. In the crematory light of those blasts, the world changed--so much death contained in so little; so much of the bloody business of war refined to a bloodless decision. Ultimately it all came down to science, to a matter of buttons. In a flash, Prometheus was one with Genghis Khan...
...country where 1 in 3 adults is seriously overweight, the news carried by the journal Science last week--that Friedman and his colleagues at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and New York City's Rockefeller University had discovered a magical potion that melts fat in a matter of weeks--resonated with unusual force. Momentarily, at least, it buoyed the spirits of millions of such lifelong dieters as Barbara Cady, a former teacher from Fairmont, West Virginia, and boosted the stock of Amgen, the biotechnical firm based in California that holds the license on the underlying technology. For if Cady...
...Jeffrey Friedman's laboratory? Two weeks earlier, these roly-poly fur balls weighed three times as much as a mouse should, and they still couldn't stop snacking. After daily injections of a new hormone, however, the tubby rodents suddenly started consuming less food and burning more fat. They shed those excess ounces and trimmed 30% off their bloated size. Even better, their cholesterol readings fell, as did the high glucose levels that made them mildly diabetic. Virtually overnight, it seemed, the mice perked up, preening and prancing about their cages...
...Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, began studying a strain of obese laboratory mice. In a series of ingenious experiments, Coleman surgically joined the blood vessels of an obese mouse to those of a normal-size mouse, creating a sort of artificial Siamese twin. What happened then was astonishing: the fat animal immediately began to lose weight. This suggested that the blood of nonobese mice carried a potent biochemical messenger, one that played a vital role in regulating appetite and metabolism. But the mysterious agent was present in such minuscule quantities that no one was able to isolate...
...injecting leptin into obese mice, three separate teams of researchers, including Friedman's, have confirmed that this protein is indeed the blood factor that makes fat mice thin. But they are still trying to puzzle out just how it works. Friedman, for one, believes leptin is almost certainly a hormone that travels through the bloodstream to act on the brain. In fact, it appears leptin may act in a feedback loop like the temperature sensor in a thermostat--or in this case a "fatstat"--to tell the body whether to turn metabolism and appetite up or down. Thus when leptin...