Word: faubus
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...meeting began at 8:50 a.m. on a grey, sticky morning last weekend, after a marine helicopter put Arkansas' Governor Orval Faubus down on the lawn of Dwight Eisenhower's vacation headquarters at Newport, R.I. First the President and the governor talked alone for 20 minutes behind the drawn blinds of a tiny office. Then they moved to an adjoining room for a two-hour conference with Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr., White House Staff Chief Sherman Adams, and Arkansas' Democratic Representative Brooks Hays, who had helped arrange the meeting (see below...
Smiling & Wan. At the outset, President Eisenhower characteristically asked everyone to speak frankly and freely. They did. The discussion ranged over the timing of school desegregation not only in Arkansas but throughout the South. Faubus explained at length the integration progress already made in Arkansas, at the state university in Fayetteville, in public transit systems, etc. Finally the governor made a significant request: that Little Rock integration be delayed (a mere year's postponement would get Faubus past next July's Democratic primary, when he hopes to win renomination for a third term...
...work firmly and patiently through the courts to enforce the desegregation ruling of the Supreme Court. There could be no backing away from this position. Therefore there could not be, and there was not, any agreement, implied or stated, to delay integration in Little Rock. For his part, Orval Faubus did not promise to remove the National Guard from Little Rock's Central High School and permit Negro children to enter. But there was a general understanding that some time this week Faubus would begin withdrawing the Guard and turning law enforcement back to Little Rock authorities...
...courts, the U.S. can meet Faubus' challenge by: 1) issuing a court order to Faubus to show cause why he should not be held in contempt for having obstructed the integration orders of U.S. courts; 2) issuing a court order to Faubus to stand down the Arkansas National Guard from the Little Rock Central High School; 3) citing Faubus for contempt. Beyond that, it would be open to the U.S. to withdraw recognition from the Arkansas guard as a part of the federal military establishment, implying a cutoff of the $5,500,000 annual federal subsidy and a recall...
Anywhere along this long legal line Faubus could withdraw, by calling off the state guardsmen and letting integration proceed. In this event President Eisenhower, like Madison, would not be likely to instigate reprisals against the governor. But the U.S. is nonetheless determined to move through the courts, slowly, deliberately, sensibly, to win the battle and safeguard the Constitution. This was the determination, in the spirit of Marshall and Madison, that underlay the cold message sent to Orval Faubus last week by President Eisenhower...