Word: faubused
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Avenue the marchers came hard up against a thin line of Little Rock policemen. Four men of the mob rushed the line, trying to break through -and at that moment the clock seemed about to turn back two years to the race riots, incited by Arkansas' Governor Orval Faubus, that brought federal troops into Little Rock and led to the city's high schools being closed for a year. But last week's result was different, thanks to a tough cop named Eugene Smith, who was backed by a citizenry that had learned its bitter lesson...
Standing Ready. School opening in Little Rock came 19 days ahead of schedule; it had been moved up by the recently elected anti-Faubus school board in a surprise action aimed at forestalling any Faubus troublemaking. But Faubus still had a couple of stunts up his sleeve. He called two members of the city government's board, blandly proposed that they write him a letter requesting state police to help preserve peace on school-opening day. The gimmick: Faubus could use the letter as evidence of an "emergency," lock the schools under his gubernatorial police powers. But Little Rock...
...operative reason was Governor Orval Faubus. Already the board had rejected a "solution" by Faubus that masked segregation with an illegal veneer of "integration" (TIME, Aug. 10). And the board was painfully mindful that last summer Faubus called a sudden session of the state legislature that stopped high schools from opening all year. Though the laws that turned this trick have since been declared unconstitutional, another special session might pass new ones...
With awkward surprise, Faubus improvised a segregationist defense against the board's offense. Last week he kept his hands under the table, but they still showed. Little Rock's Raney High School, the privately run effort to educate segregationists' children, announced suddenly that it was broke and would close. Raney may well have run out of money-this was the first such news-but it was busily building new classrooms when it shut down. The effect: turning back 1,235 of the city's most segregation-minded children to Central, Hall and Tech high schools...
What else would Orval Faubus do? Few knew the answer. He might well get the legislature (reportedly, to meet this weekend) to pass a sheaf of school-closing acts, simply sign a new one as soon as the old one was thrown out of court. And his backwoods segregationist supporters might yet descend on the city in force when the integrated schools open this week. Said Little Rock's able Police Chief Eugene Smith, canceling all leaves: "We don't know what to expect. But we're going to be ready...