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Throughout the U.S. there have been 28,000 cases of infectious hepatitis so far this year, as against 12,000 in the same period a year ago. The upsurge of the disease, which is usually spread through human fecal matter, was expected (TIME, Nov. 14). But New Jersey has logged a logarithmic increase: 1,014 cases, as against 437 in all of 1960. Seeking the cause of the flare-up, Dr. Roscoe P. Kandle, the state's commissioner of health, had hundreds of victims interviewed ; then he pointed an accusing finger at the lowly clam...
Physicians make a sharp distinction between infectious hepatitis, usually spread by fecal matter, and the relatively rare serum hepatitis, or "needle jaundice," which is carried only by the blood, is therefore contracted from transfusions or improperly sterilized hypodermic needles. Infectious hepatitis can be spread in a number of ways. A disastrous epidemic struck Delhi, India early in 1956, when a huge sewage canal overflowed into the Jumna River, from which both Old and New Delhi draw water. Within eight weeks, 30,000 cases and 420 deaths were recorded. Sewage-contaminated water has been blamed for small outbreaks this year...
...disputed and never proved. All other attempts have failed. The virus is relatively insensitive to heat, cold, chemicals and ultraviolet rays. No vaccine can be prepared because the disease perversely refuses to infect any animal but man. The hepatitis bug's small size and its frequent presence in fecal matter indicate that it may actually be an enterovirus -one of a group of particularly tiny viruses (including polio) that are found in the human intestinal tract. Says the PHS's Dr. Leon Rosen: "Isolating the hepatitis virus is the No. 1 unsolved problem of contemporary virology...
...formed by pressure inside the gut, forcing the inner layer (mucosa) through a weak spot in the outer, muscular layers. It may be no bigger than a BB shot, or it may be the size of a plum with a stalklike neck. If the neck is extremely narrow, fecal matter forced into the diverticulum will stay there, setting up an ever-present threat of infection and making the condition harder to detect since the barium used to get X-ray contrast may not penetrate the diverticulum sufficiently. In the symptom-free stage of diverticulosis there may be dozens of small...
...Mexico, found that amoebae and the most-feared bacteria could be eliminated as suspects. A probable culprit in many cases: microbes of the common genus Staphylococcus, which may multiply in food kept under poor refrigeration and prepared under unsanitary conditions-but this usually has nothing to do with fecal contamination of food and water. In other cases, overeating and consumption of highly spiced or oily foods may be to blame...