Word: federalist
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...nineteenth century, he said, a certain Ito and other official observers were sent to examine the Constitutions of the modern civilized nations. They were especially impressed by Bismarck and the Prussian form of government, and also adopted some ideas from England, but after being given some copies of "The Federalist" and the American constitution they politely called it the worst. Their present document contains 76 articles, 64 of which are taken from foreign models, 42 from Germany...
When the Court reassembled in 1803, the piddling suit of a man named Marbury, to secure a commission as District of Columbia justice of the peace which Secretary of State Madison refused to deliver to him, gave Chief Justice Marshall a chance to set his Federalist stamp on U. S. history. For the first time he asserted the right of the Supreme Court to nullify Acts of Congress as "unconstitutional." Thomas Jefferson, Marshall's distant cousin and lifelong political foe, never acknowledged that claim. If it were correct, he declared in the first great anti-Supreme Court blast, "then...
Years later, still chafing at Federalist stumbling-blocks laid by the Court, ex-President Jefferson proposed a Constitutional amendment limiting the terms of Justices to six years. His Congressional followers wanted quicker action. Between 1821 and 1825 bills were introduced to curb the Court's power in Constitutional cases by giving the Senate appellate jurisdiction over it, by requiring a vote of five out of seven Justices, by "packing" it with three new Justices...
Except for the Federalist squeeze of 1800, all changes in the Court's size up to the end of the Civil War were honestly motivated by the growth of Court business. But in 1866 a Congress bent on punishing the South cut Court membership to eight solely to keep merciful President Andrew Johnson from appointing new Justices who might help to nullify the vengeful Reconstruction Acts. Two years later, with Congress still fearful of the surviving Court, the recurrent plan to curb it by requiring a two-thirds decision against Congressional measures got past the House, but died...
...answer they receive." FIFTY-FIVE MEN-Fred Rodell-Tele-graph Press ($2.50). A sharply realistic account, based on James Madison's notes, of the framing of the U. S. Constitution, demonstrating that the framers had hard-headed motives never portrayed in grade-school history texts; and that the Federalist papers were slick propaganda. THE METROPOLITAN OPERA, 1883-1935 -Irving Kolodin-Oxford ($3.75). A thorough, painstaking history of a great institution, with pungent sidelights on the Diamond Horseshoe, the various administrators and the outstanding singers. The author is a music critic for the New York...