Word: fernande
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...special exemptions, of course; but by a combination of stubbornness, string pulling, blind luck and the help of a tiny number of devotees and friends in the U.S., some did get through, settling for the most part in Manhattan and Los Angeles. Among them, from Paris, were Fernand Leger, Marc Chagall, Piet Mondrian, Jacques Lipchitz and the core group of Surrealists who went to New York City: Max Ernst, Andre Breton, Yves Tanguy, Andre Masson and Roberto Matta. From Germany, Kokoschka, Kurt Schwitters and the Dada collagist John Heartfield reached London, while Max Beckmann, Josef Albers and George Grosz made...
Since the late 1960s, Hodgkin's images have had a pronounced architectural character, influenced by Fernand Leger's "tubism" as well as by Vuillard. Grantchester Road, 1975, is an interior with a fireplace, and the indoor plants are of the same pictorial species as the green spreading palms in Hodgkin's Indian paintings. The separation of room and gaze gives Hodgkin's work its basic trope, that of peeping and peering--from culture (the room) into nature (everything else) and back again. It's not about seeing here and now but about the memory of having seen; not complete...
Then he started doing other pictorial styles as subjects of his own. Picasso, Fernand Leger, Carlo Carra, Max Beckmann and so on. Then kitsch Modernism, as imagined by cartoonists. The trouble with these versions of Modernist classics 'n' clinkers is their sameness. After a while, it isn't very interesting to be shown that just about anything can be turned into a Lichtenstein, congealed in his cryogenic style. There's none of the engaged imagination, the sense of a transforming mind at work, that one gets in, say, Miro's wild versions of a 17th century Dutch interior, down...
...obsessed with bowel movements as nature's prophylactic -- "Push, my love," she whispers urgently to the infant Leo, a captive princeling enthroned on a potty. His near mute sisters Nanette and Rita shuttle dully from fantasy to insanity, from home to the local asylum. His brother, musclebound Fernand (Yves Montmarquette), is so frail of spirit that he is prey for the scrawniest bully. His gross grandfather (Julien Guiomar) has tried to drown Leo, who can't wait to return the favor...
Appel also applauds the modernist glorification of construction, the city and technological innovation. Fernand Leger's "The City" (1919) is his point of departure, its "grandly optimistic if not utopian" vista ushering in a hopeful era of activity and communication. Likewise, Stuart Davis's painting "Swing Landscape" (1938), with its jazz dance composition, suggests a sense of connection, counter to T.S. Eliot's charge of "nothing connects" in "The Waste Land...