Word: fetuses
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Subsidized Control. Though Dr. Nayar herself had long been a birth-control skeptic in the Gandhi tradition (she was once his private physician), she agreed three years ago to test the Lippes loop, a U.S.-designed intrauterine contraceptive device that prevents the development of a fetus in the womb. Only eleven of the 2,839 Indian women fitted with them last year became pregnant, and five of these conceived after their little white loops had been removed. That convinced her, she said last week, that Lippes loops are "the answer" to India's problem...
...knowledge has led some courts to adopt a stand that the Roman Catholic Church has held for years-that a child is a distinct person with rights of his own as soon as he is conceived. Doctors have now proved even beyond a lawyer's doubts that the fetus is most susceptible to lasting defects from injuries and drugs during the first three months after conception. As a result, juries are now far more able to assess responsibility and fix damages...
Also at Columbia, Dr. Karlis Adamsons Jr. decided that as valuable as the Liley technique may be, it is still too little and too late in too many cases. What the fetus may need, he reasoned, is a massive, virtually total exchange transfusion. But how to give it? In one case, Dr. Adamsons boldly cut through the mother's abdominal wall and enough of the uterus to expose the fetus' abdomen and one leg. He cut into the fetus' groin and put a plastic catheter in the femoral artery. Through this tube he withdrew much...
...Adamsons has since tried another approach. He has cut into the uterus and into the fetus' peritoneal cavity, and there he has implanted an extremely fine catheter that can be left in place. All six fetuses operated on in this way continued to develop for a month or more; Dr. Adamsons and his colleagues are confident that eventually a way will be found to help the mothers carry them until they can survive normally...
Back in Auckland during Dr. Liley's absence, Surgeon Graham C. Liggins has found a way to insert a catheter through the bore of a hypodermic needle, then anchor it in the peritoneum in such a way that no matter how much the fetus squirms, the catheter will not pull out. Thus it can be left in place for repeated transfusions...