Word: feudality
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...marrying Khar, Fakhra ascended into one of the most recognizable families in the country. Khar's father, Ghulam Mustafa Khar, is a major landowner and property is still the primary source of power and wealth in Pakistan. The Khars rule their area of Punjab province as feudal lords. Mustafa Khar was once dubbed the "Lion of the Punjab" after a massive election victory, and served as the Chief Minister and Governor of the province in the 1970s. Son Bilal treated his new, second wife as a possession, and beat her severely when she displeased him. When she abandoned...
...Walking the ancient Nakasendo highway from Kyoto to Tokyo is a trip into a nation's past. As the reproduction notices suggest, travel along the mountain route was highly regulated and checkpoints dotted the road. Only feudal lords and their aristocratic assistants, the samurai, could use it. Women were forbidden to journey independently, and travelers who looked even slightly androgynous had to unbutton sometimes for inspection. Travelers were also required to stamp on a Christian cross. Hesitation meant instant decapitation...
...wanted Hassan II to know exactly what he did." Just as important to her is the cleansing effect the book is now having in Morocco. Though it is still banned, it has been widely read and discussed in the press as part of a debate on the country's feudal past...
Critics say Japan's hidebound feudal practices have finally caught up with it. Ever since Americans introduced the game in 1871, Japan has imbued besuboru with its own philosophy: a Zen samurai emphasis on discipline, spirit and selflessness reflected in the modern-day professional system, which began in 1935. The 12 teams of the Central and Pacific leagues draw more than 22 million fans a year. But because of a compliant union, which refuses to strike (that would disrupt social harmony, or wa), and restrictions that keep neutral salary arbiters and sports agents at arm's length, players are underpaid...
...comedy Bridget Jones's Diary the heroine's mum blithely describes the Japanese as a "very cruel race." And if you think the Japanese cannot portray themselves as very cruel, check out Teruo Ishii's Joy of Torture films. In these two gore classics from the '60s, victims of feudal lords are roasted, splayed, beheaded, crucified and otherwise inconvenienced. These are not the only examples of cinematic exploitation and self-criticism: in many Japanese movies, a sadistic strain mixes with an almost gleeful sense of shame. It is as if filmmakers are saying, "Yes! We are the beasts your...