Word: fez
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...strongest bastion in the Middle East. This was the achievement of one man, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. After World War I he raised a new army and drove out the Greeks, who were occupying Turkey with Allied backing. He threw out the established Moslem religion, warred on the fez and the veil, forced Western clothes, laws, letters and institutions on 16 million bewildered Turks. Through all the years of dazzling leadership, this bitter, sullen, debauched son of the Salonika slums never seems to have loved a soul; he abandoned his innumerable women and he killed many of the men who worked...
...great mosque at Fez, religious capital of French Morocco, the bearded priests of the Prophet met one day last week to give nationalism a religious blessing. To France's Resident General in Rabat, the political capital, they sent this solemn message: "A sacred religious obligation is imposed upon us to counsel the right, to reprove the wrong . . . We judge it opportune to demand in the name of Islam and of the Moroccan people the return of their legal sovereign, Sidi Mohammed ben Youssef, to the throne." Then, in secrecy, the priests reached another decision. Suicide is a deadly...
Morocco's new wave of violence began one morning at 9:30. A crowd of Arabs gathered in the market place at Fez, bearing crudely painted portraits of the deposed Sultan and shouting: "Long live Ben Youssef!" When the police used tear gas, the Arabs showered them with stones. The police opened fire: five Moroccans fell dead and 25 were wounded...
...break with the past had to be felt, simply and simultaneously, by all Turks. Ataturk looked about for the significant gesture. In India it had been salt-making in defiance of the British monopoly; in China it was cutting off the queue. Ataturk chose to attack the fez, traditional symbol of Ottoman citizenship. "The fez is a sign of ignorance," said he. He laid down a deadline: after that date, no brimless headgear. Some Turks, unable to find hats with brims, wore their wives' hats: better to look silly than to risk losing your head...
Egypt's Strongman Mohammed Naguib seemed likely last week to follow the example of Kemal Ataturk and outlaw the tarboosh (fez in Turkey) as a symbol of the Old Order. Tarboosh-makers protested: a tarboosh, they argued, nicely covers a bald man's baldness and adds to a short man's stature. Whatever the effect of their plea, Naguib continued knocking a lot of tarbooshes off a lot of prominent heads. Most prominent: Abdul Rahman Azzam, secretary general of the Arab League...