Word: fidelity
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...essential story of the anti-Castro forces, who they were and how they felt, has long been a subject close to the heart of Contributing Editor Sam Halper, a member of TIME's staff since 1950. Before Fidel Castro came to power, Halper spent three days with him in his eastern Sierra Maestra hideout in April 1958 and there first began to suspect the ultimate direction of this romantic-seeming revolutionary, so quick to execute those he disagreed with. He described Castro then as "democrat by philosophy, autocrat by personality." In recent months so many Cuban exiles have stopped...
...lessons of Cuba, in contrast, came with jolting swiftness. Again, Kennedy underestimated his adversary and overestimated the realism of his own expectations. In backing the invasion of Cuba by a force of U.S.-trained Cuban exiles, Kennedy hoped to bring down Fidel Castro's Communist regime in Cuba without stirring too many international accusations of "imperialism" and "colonialism" against the U.S. But the bungled invasion ended in a massacre. And the onlooking nations blamed the U.S. for the invasion almost as shrilly as if Kennedy had sent in the Marines. Seizing the propaganda windfall, Khrushchev sanctimoniously denounced the invasion...
Soon after he took office in January, Kennedy was faced with making a command decision on Cuba. His early hopes of avoiding clashes with Fidel Castro had rapidly faded. Now the Pentagon and the Central Intelligence Agency urged upon him a project that the CIA had been working on for months during the Eisenhower Administration: an invasion by U.S.-trained Cuban refugees, with the U.S. providing air cover and logistical support. Shockingly misinformed, the CIA assured the President that the invasion would touch off uprisings against Castro and massive defections from his armed forces...
...testing hour for Fidel Castro was drawing near...
Prelude to Invasion? As the news hit the wires, José Miró Cardona, head of the exile Revolutionary Council in Manhattan, proclaimed the attack a last salute to Fidel Castro by defecting members of the Cuban Air Force. "Before flying their planes towards freedom, these true revolutionaries attempted to destroy as many Castro military planes as possible." The well-coordinated, professionally executed mission was known to the council beforehand, said Miró Cardona. "We have been in contact with, and have encouraged these brave pilots." He added that "military security" prevented further explanation...