Word: filipinos
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There was hardly a Filipino family that had not lost at least one member in the war. Three years of Japanese occupation had changed the moral climate of the country. It became necessary and patriotic to cheat, deceive, rob, even kill. The strongest Filipino leaders (e.g., Manuel Quezon) had died. But the U.S., and Filipino politicians, had gone too far to turn back on a promise. So the happy day of independence came...
Washington helped the infant republic with war damage dollars, war surplus, ECA bequests, RFC loans, millions in back pay to Filipino soldiers and guerrillas. Altogether the U.S., in six years, put $2 billion into the Philippines. But the money flowed in without proper planning, or proper safeguards. Instead of going into the mouths or onto the backs of Filipinos, U.S. surplus and relief goods slid from one speculator and profiteer to another. It was a poor trader who could not triple or quadruple his investment in pencils, tractors or derricks...
...nearest cafe. When the Commissioner of Customs recently tried to cut expenses by firing 180 excess employees, he was bombarded into retreat by the protests of Congressmen. For importers, heavy tips to customs agents are a necessity. In their eager study of U.S. institutions, Filipino politicos had learned from Hague and Pendergast, as well as from Madison and Jefferson...
Under such pressures, the Filipino economy began to crumble. In the Hong Kong open market the peso fell from two for $1 (par) to four for $1. Most schoolteachers and many soldiers did not get paid regularly. Unable to find work in the cities or make a decent living on the land, more & more Filipinos took to the hills of Luzon, to join the Huks. Once the admired guerrilla army that had fought the hated Japanese, the Huks had been taken over by the Communists. As discontent grew, the Huks grew with...
...Cowen), who keep a fatherly eye on the young republic. It was at U.S. urging that Quirino put through needed economic reforms, so that in one year, tax revenues increased by 70%. Quirino also pushed through a new minimum-wage law, which increased the pay of 90% of Filipino wage earners. The U.S. also diplomatically persuaded Quirino that a cleanup of the army and constabulary was overdue, and that Congressman Magsaysay was just...