Word: finlandization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Since 1974 more than 50 Yankee bond issues have been sold in the U.S., almost all by governments or organizations whose credit is government-guaranteed. Borrowers include the national governments of Australia, Finland and Norway; the city governments of Oslo and Stockholm; the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Investment Bank; the Japan Development Bank; the state-owned French railroad, telecommunications and electricity networks. Privately owned foreign companies still sell few bonds in the U.S.; they prefer to raise their money in Europe where, for all the disadvantages, there are no tough rules ordering disclosure of secret corporate...
...South Africa, they have as much right to claim it as their true home as Canadians have to claim Ontario. That fact was recognized by black African leaders at the Lusaka conference of 1969, which acknowledged that the 4.3 million South African whites (equivalent to the population of Finland) were not colonialists...
Representatives of 35 nations gathered in Finland more than two years ago to sign a document that unexpectedly ignited human hopes across the Continent. But human rights activism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe sparked by the Helsinki accord threatened to undo years of work toward East-West detente. Thus when a svelte Swedish woman delegate, two priests from the Vatican, a mustachioed Spaniard and some 400 other delegates to the Belgrade meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation congregated in the corridors of starkly modern Sava Conference Center last week, much more was involved than a club...
...guerrillas but also "acceptable elements" of the Rhodesian forces. Moreover, they pointed out, the Rhodesian police would remain in place under the transitional leadership. Overseeing this delicate grouping of white-led police and black-controlled army units would be U.N. forces, perhaps composed of contingents from Nigeria, Kenya and Finland. British and American officials argue that once a transitional government embracing moderate African elements was in place in Salisbury, the guerrilla armies would be under increasing pressure not to fight on for total control...
...Much credit was also due to some skillful mediation by nine neutral and nonaligned nations (Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Liechtenstein, Malta, San Marino, Sweden, Switzerland and Yugoslavia). The " NNs," as they were dubbed adroitly provided many of the phrases and even the punctuation of the agreement their own desire (which coincided with Washington's) for a full-scale conference this fall...