Word: finlandized
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...Russia's policy of prolonging the unsettled conditions in which Communism might flourish. The only course open to the U.S. and Britain was to insist that the 17 smaller nations be called to Paris where, beginning July 29, they will work on the edges of the puzzle-Finland, Italy, Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary. "It is a fallacy," said Australia's Dr. Herbert V. Evatt last week, "to suppose that all knowledge and all wisdom reside at the center of military power...
Military power certainly still spoke with a mighty voice in the Big Four's draft treaties. In the four satellites east of the Stettin-Trieste line (Finland, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary) where the Red Army held control, Russia got pretty much what it wanted. In Italy, occupied by the U.S. and Britain, Russia had yielded to the Western powers on most points...
Reparations. Russia had flatly claimed $300,000,000 from each of the satellites regardless of its ability to pay, while the U.S. insisted that reparations should not be permitted to wreck a defeated nation's economy. From Finland, Rumania and Hungary the Big Four allotted Russia $800,000,000. In Italy, at U.S. and British insistence, the Russian demand was cut to $100,000,000, to come partly out of current production for seven years beginning...
Boundaries. Again the man in possession called the tune. From Finland, Russia is to get the warm water port of Petsamo and a lease on the Baltic naval base at Porkala; from Rumania, 79,300 square miles of Bessarabia. Other shifts in the Balkans give Transylvania back to Rumania, southern Dobruja to Bulgaria. The British and French gain at the expense of Italy: the Dodecanese Islands go to British-controlled Greece; the communes of Briga and Tenda and other bits of the Italian Alps go to France. But Italy is allowed to keep the South Tyrol over Austrian protest. Trieste...
Occupation. Allied troops (the Red Army in Finland and the Balkan countries, U.S. and British troops in Italy) will withdraw from the ex-enemy nations within 90 days after the treaties come into force. But Russia put a joker into the Hungary and Rumania treaties; it can keep "such armed forces as it may need for maintenance of lines of communication of the Red Army with the Soviet zone of occupation in Austria." (Meanwhile, the Russians refuse even to consider peace with Austria.) Although the easiest access to Austria for the U.S. and Britain is through the Adriatic, the Western...