Word: finnish
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...gold mine, indeed. Most of the available IF is now obtained from the Finnish Red Cross and the Central Public Health Laboratory in Helsinki, which extract it from white blood cells separated from donated blood. The output in 1979 was minuscule, 400 mg (.014 oz.) gleaned from 45,000 liters (90,000 pints) of blood. The effort is so painstaking that, according to estimates by scientists at the California Institute of Technology, a pound of pure interferon would cost between $10 billion and $20 billion. That price will certainly decline as large companies enter the field with more efficient production...
...small band of interferon researchers were able to produce or get their hands on enough interferon to analyze its nature, but the stuff was far too scarce or any significant tests on humans. Most of the credit for relieving that acute shortage goes to a stubborn Finnish virologist, Kari Cantell, who proudly admits that "interferon has been my hobby and main scientific interest for over 20 years." Cantell began his career by studying the role of leukocytes, or white blood cells, in fighting infection. He became intrigued when he learned from other researchers in 1961 that these cells could produce...
Backed by the rock-steady goaltending of Jim Craig, the Americans had tied the contest at two when Phil Verchota gently flipped a shot past Finnish netminder Jorma Valtonen at 2:25. When winger Mark Johnson tucked in an insurance goal to make it 4-2, 3:25 before the end, the dream had become a reality...
...grandly lunatic of the Winter Games, drew less than a swarm. At the men's 30-km cross-country venue, the American spectators would have fit around a poker table or two. (Some 400 people rocked from one cold foot to the other, but most were Norwegian or Finnish officials...
...human body, which get their instructions for making it from a specific gene in their DNA; these are passed on to the cells' protein-manufacturing sites by a genetic molecule known as messenger RNA. But for Hungarian-born Charles Weissmann of the University of Zurich, and his Swiss, Finnish and Japanese colleagues, the natural process was only a starting point. After extracting messenger RNAs from human white blood cells, which were producing interferon, they used these molecules to generate sections of DNA that they hoped would include the required gene. They then spliced these fragments into the genes...