Word: first
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...real question is whether the Court is inclined to interpret the First Amendment in terms of absolutism or pragmatism. In recent years, the nation's social needs have modified the separation of church and state. Churches receive many kinds of government aid for their hospitals, poverty work and other public services. The rationale, as lawmakers see it, is that churches play a key role in the welfare state. Besides, the denial of such aid might violate the First Amendment's "free exercise" of religion clause. What limits, if any, remain...
...Supreme Court allowed states to finance bussing for parochial-school students; in 1968, it approved free textbooks for secular courses. More direct state aid seemed impermissible. Then came the Pennsylvania Education Act of 1968, the first of its kind in the U.S. That remarkable law allows the state to pay parochial schools the "actual cost" of teachers' salaries, textbooks and teaching aids in four secular fields: mathematics, modern foreign languages, physical sciences and physical education. The state pays the bill ($4,000,000 last year) solely through its income from horse and harness racing...
...welfare of the people." While it may indirectly benefit sectarian teaching, the state remains neutral toward religion-just as it does in providing parochial schoolchildren with free lunches, a practice already considered legal. Because the Pennsylvania law does not "advance or inhibit religion," said the majority, it satisfies the First Amendment...
...majority of economists outside Government believe that U.S. business still has enough momentum to avoid what would be the first recession in nine years. They point to such sources of strength as record capital investment. Still, businessmen have a sense of foreboding. That anxiety has been intensified by the bearish warnings of one economist who was once ignored and ridiculed, but whose views have lately had an important influence on Government policy. He is Milton Friedman, the leading iconoclast of U.S. economics. "We are heading for a recession at least as sharp as that in 1960-61," he warns. "There...
...most talked-about subject among high executives is what role the corporation can play in reversing the decline of cities, building housing for the poor, finding and training blacks for jobs. Walter A. Haas Jr., president of San Francisco's Levi Strauss & Co., believes that industry's first big task is to put an end to polluting the environment. "We are debauching the country," he says. Meeting such new goals will plainly require some extraordinary changes of attitudes among both businessmen and politicians. At the extreme, business may have to renounce its allegiance to all-out economic growth in order...