Word: fluid
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...baby was suffering from a stubborn form of hydrocephalus (water on the brain): spinal fluid, collecting in his skull cavity, caused his head to enlarge and threatened to squeeze the brain so that the child's mental development would be arrested. Some hydrocephalus cases can be treated with fair success by putting a tube in the spinal canal half way down the back and draining the fluid from the brain through the spinal canal into the urinary system. But this child, son of a Philadelphia industrial technician named John W. Holter. was in a worse plight because...
...Neurosurgeon Eugene Spitz, 37, tried running a tube direct from baby Charles' head to his abdomen. It worked only for a few days at a time, then another operation was needed to clean it. To the father Dr. Spitz explained that he would like to drain the brain fluid into the jugular vein. But this would need a valve (to prevent back flow by the blood), and so far no satisfactory valve had been devised-they all had a tendency to clog...
...Spitz opened the baby's jugular, made an opening between the vein and one of the fluid-filled brain cavities, set the valve into the opening, and closed the skin over it. The valve worked. In less than two weeks Charles Holter went home. Last week, nearing his first birthday, he was still doing well. Though fluid might continue to collect for the rest of his life, it could drain off through the valve, which would stay in place. Pediatricians, who had just heard Dr. Spitz's report, were hopeful that his technique and Holter's valve...
While Hickey waited at Walter Reed, his ankles and body slowly swelling with accumulating fluid, researchers at the National Institutes of Health began experimenting on 21 dogs. Seldom has a surgical research project been pushed so fast. The dogs stood up well in the tests. The surgeons felt ready for Hickey...
...just a little man. In the early years of the century, Surgeon William Ladd wrote a new chapter in the history of his dexterous profession by developing ways to revamp malformed intestinal and bile tracts in infants. Neurosurgeon Frank Ingraham has devised a highly ingenious method of draining the fluid in hydrocephalic children from the spinal canal to the kidneys through a polyethylene tube. Pediatrician Bronson Crothers has probed the causes of cerebral palsy, is now preparing a book with 1,000 exhaustive case histories...