Word: fluidly
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...sent by her obstetrician to the prenatal diagnosis clinic of the University of California-San Francisco. Ultrasound scans showed that she was bearing twins, a boy and a girl. At 28 weeks the female fetus seemed normal, but the male's kidneys and bladder were swollen with fluid backed up in the urinary tract...
Known as hydronephrosis, the condition can lead to death for newborn babies. Normally, fetal urine flows into the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus; when the lower urinary tract is obstructed, the urine accumulates in the kidneys and bladder, which then begin to balloon, crowding the fetus' developing lungs and damaging the kidneys. In the Skinner case, doctors chose a new and promising method of treatment: surgery with the fetus still in the womb...
Pediatric Surgeon Michael Harrison used a needle to guide a small blue tube, or catheter, into the fetus' bladder to drain urine into the amniotic fluid. Then he withdrew the needle, using a yellow push rod to hold the catheter in place. On the day after the baby, named Michael, was born in May, Harrison removed the catheter and created an opening for urine to drain from the small of his back. Said Harrison: "Michael will probably have to have another operation to reconstruct his urinary tract, but he should live a normal life...
Only three days after the San Francisco operation, according to the Denver Post, surgeons at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center used a drainage tube to treat hydrocephalus, a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain cavity, in a 24-week-old fetus. Says Harrison: "The next step is opening the uterus, fixing something and closing it back up again to allow the baby to develop normally...
...endangered sperm whale was used for years in everything from facial cream to transmission fluid. In 1973 interstate sale of the oil was banned in the U.S., but substitutes, including certain fish and vegetable oils, have also been hard to come...