Word: fluids
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...with an artificial heart walks down the street on artificial legs, breathing through an artificial lung, his blood coursing through long stretches of artificial artery, his metabolic poisons filtered by an internal artificial kidney, while he admires the landscape through artificial corneas in eyes filled with a chemical fluid the consistency of molasses. It may be that no one man will ever enjoy all these advantages of alloplasty-surgery in which foreign materials are used to replace the body's natural parts. But it will not be long before many people are fitted with one or more of these...
...medical silicones made by Michigan's Dow Corning Corp.) is 18 in. to 24 in. long, only 1/16-in. thick. It is led under the skin, behind the ear and down the neck to a point where it is spliced into the internal jugular vein. The excess brain fluid is thus dripped into the bloodstream, where the body readily disposes of it. Another Silastic preparation, which looks like a sheet of waxed paper, serves to correct a different type of brain problem: when part of the brain's parchmentlike covering, the dura mater, is damaged or destroyed, the brain...
Limited Power. The key test for holding a person is "probable cause"-a fluid concept that Chief Justice John Marshall defined in the 1807 Aaron Burr treason case as "evidence furnishing good reason to believe that the crime alleged has been committed by the person charged with committing it." Such evidence may be no more than an FBI agent's testimony, or the arrest warrant signed by the commissioner himself. The evidence may be inadmissible at the accused's eventual trial. It may be insufficient for indictment by a federal grand jury, which is the sole indictor under...
...Fierce Fluid. A typical hybrid is a comparatively simple product of a complex science. It is basically a pressurized tank for liquid oxidizer, behind which sits a combustion chamber lined with solid fuel. The two propellants are usually hypergolic-they ignite spontaneously when they come in contact with each other. A valve permits a jet of oxidizer to squirt into the rear chamber, combustion begins, and a hot, high-temperature flame roars out of the nozzle. The oxidizer valve can be used as a throttle to reduce the thrust and the engine can be stopped and started any number...
...they came in contact. Hybrids have no such difficulty. Their fuel can be hopped up with a high proportion of high-energy powdered metals or metallic hydrides, but in the absence of an oxidizer, they remain as inert as an auto tire. The oxidizer may be a fiercely reactive fluid such as OF2 (oxygen difluoride), but since it stays in its own tank until needed, it behaves itself. When the two components come together, they burn with extremely high specific impulse, the measure of rocket power. Best of all, say their boosters, hybrids are free of the complicated plumbing demanded...