Word: fogel
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...reduced or increased by the judge because of mitigating or aggravating circumstances. But apart from that adjustment, a given sentence would be mandatory. Each day of good behavior in prison would earn the convict a day's reduction of the sentence; parole would be abolished. Says Commission Director David Fogel: "Justice requires that everything be clear...
Closer to Cambridge there were changes in personnel, most notably Seymour M. Lipset, professor of Government and Social Relations, who will probably be at Stanford next year; and Robert W. Fogel, author of a much-debated book on slavery, who was appointed to a joint professorship in Economics and History...
...authors of the new quantitative history themselves often deter this broader evaluation of their work by their exaggerated claims to objectivity. "Success in this operation required, no less than in the operating room of a modern hospital, the adroit use of professional skills in a cool, detached manner." Fogel and Engerman write in their second volume. But it was not a detached analysis that told Fogel and Engerman how many whippings constitute harsh treatment of slaves, or how much confidence slaveholders had that the system would endure. So long as a researcher confines himself to recompiling old records, his work...
Time on the Cross is an ambitious enough work to contain a good deal of bad history. Its lapses would be easier to excuse if Fogel and Engerman were not so insistent on the revolutionary nature of their method. Often they exaggerate the myopia of earlier historians, in order to make their own conclusions seem more extraordinary. Their work is not, even in conception, the comprehensive evaluation the authors believe it to be. It is a work with new insights and with new speculation; more of the truth could be discovered if people spent more time thinking about the history...
...touch with the early nineteenth century than they are with the modern world. In the same way, many earlier historians of slavery were influenced by racism. These are the real problems. The muse Clio, to whom Barzun appeals, should be more tolerant of methods than either Barzun or Fogel, but far more attentive to preconceptions--aware still that history never embraces more than a small part of reality, and coupling whatever means of reason with whatever means of observation, to allow a fuller embrace...