Word: fogs
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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After these pleasures, they walked out into the brooding night fog. Quietly, the mine people turned up their collars and started for home-past the fuzzy street lamps, past Harchar's saloon, past the tinseled toy window at Duval's hardware store. In two hours the strike became official...
...long, careful experiment. After much research, he learned how to turn the trick in miniature. First he cooled the air in a laboratory cold chamber (rather like a deep-freeze cabinet) to about 5° below zero, Fahrenheit. He breathed into the chamber and his breath condensed to fog. He made a magic pass with a single pellet of dry ice. The fog cleared, and glittering snowflakes drifted on to the chamber's floor. From this point it was easy to expand the process to full, outdoor scale...
Both the indoor fog and the outdoor cloud, explained Schaefer, were "supercooled"; their tiny droplets, though well below the freezing point, were liquid water, not ice. They wanted to freeze, but for some reason could not. The dry-ice pellets broke the deadlock. "An almost infinite number" of submicroscopic "ice seeds" formed near their surface. These grew into snowflakes at the expense of the water droplets. The supercooled cloud precipitated...
...London fog, source of endless inspiration to cinema scriptwriters, is just a headache to season-ticket-holders (British for commuters). On the 20 to 40 days each winter when visibility falls below 200 yards, the Reading, Chelmsford and Maidstone trains creep along at 30 m.p.h., often wait 20 minutes at junctions, reach London as much as two hours late. Last week British railway technicians were hard at work trying to do something about fog-foundered trains. They had two novel gadgets, both still in the experimental stage, which might make it possible for trains to keep up their usual clip...
Infra-red rays, which every photographer knows pierce fog, are the basis of one system, now being tested. Each signal box would have an infra-red generator; when its danger signal was up, a box would pour a constant beam of rays down the track. An approaching train would pick up the bad news on a photoelectric cell in the driver...