Word: forester
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DIED. HERB BROOKS, 66, who coached the most famous U.S. ice-hockey victory, the Miracle on Ice, at the 1980 Lake Placid, N.Y., Winter Olympics; in an auto accident, near Forest Lake, Minn. A hockey obsessive known for his strategic imagination and nose-to-nose motivation, he adapted Team U.S.A.'s training and tactics to the wide-open European-style game and convinced his team of amateurs that they were destined to beat the hockey powerhouse that was then the Soviet national team. They did, 4-3, in a game that instantly became famous. They next beat Finland...
...turn: In the small The Gate to the Depth, blocks of distressed color lead to a central black void. By 1937, Klee's late style had evolved into patterns of heavy black lines and hieroglyphs on vivid colored grounds. Sometimes the lines form discernible figures, as in the sexy Forest Witches, or the powerful Kettledrummer, with one stick-like arm raised high, the other down, as if beating the slow, ceremonial dirge of a funeral march. In the big Rich Harbor only a few identifiable objects - steamboats, an ace of spades - can be identified amid a welter of enigmatic markings...
...attempting to thin lodgepole pine forests to prevent such blowups would be ludicrous, say scientists, for these seemingly catastrophic blazes serve important ecological functions. Among other things, lodgepole pine saplings do not flourish beneath the shade of mature trees and thus are dependent on fires to clear sun-filled openings. Moreover, many lodgepole pines package their seeds in resin-sealed cones that can be opened only by intense heat. "What you have to keep asking yourself is what range of fire frequency and severity a particular forest has experienced," says Tania Schoennagel, a University of Colorado researcher who studies postfire...
Thinning also seems of dubious merit in many mixed-severity fire regimes, except as a protective measure around the perimeter of communities. Consider, for example, the Biscuit fire that hopped and skipped across 500,000 acres in southern Oregon's Siskiyou National Forest last year. Slightly more than 15% of this rugged, geologically complex region was so seriously burned that virtually all the trees died. Around 65%, however, experienced fires of light and moderate severity, while some 20% escaped unscathed. Seed from areas where vegetation survived is already drifting into areas where vegetation was lost, and many important species--knobcone...
...Even in forests where frequent, low-severity fires are the rule, the possibility that thinning may have unintended consequences merits careful consideration. Among other things, thinning can open forests to drying winds, making branches and needles even more flammable. It can expose pristine areas to vehicle and foot traffic that compacts soil and facilitates the spread of exotic grasses and weeds. And then there are all the other considerations, ranging from the aesthetic (what a forest should look like after it's thinned) to the practical (what to do with all the small-diameter trees a massive thinning program would...