Word: formalin
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Babcock forbids the use of formalin, carbolic acid or lysol in dressing wounds because they retard healing. He recommends weak wet dressings of bichloride of mercury or iodine, bromine (for fetid wounds), and aluminum acetate (for raw skin...
...Milwaukee also was Manhattan's Dr. Maurice Brodie, who stated that none of the 8,000 children given his vaccine [virus killed with formalin] last summer had contracted infantile paralysis. He also stated that 8,000 trials were too few to prove the value of his vaccine...
Early this year Dr. Brodie, who works on Dr. Park's staff, discovered that, if he mashed the spinal cords of infected monkeys with formalin, the resultant mixture would immunize other monkeys against live virus...
...children under 15. Although all kinds of monkeys may serve for the manufacture of the vaccine, the best kind is Macacus rhesus from India. To import one rhesus monkey to the U.S. costs $9. After it is infected, killed, and its spinal cord ground up with formalin, at a processing cost of $3 more, the finished vaccine is only enough to inoculate twelve children. But even if $37,000,000 were available for nation-wide immunization, the supply of rhesus monkeys in India is by no means unlimited...
Infected Rhesus monkeys supplied the material for the vaccine. Just as the monkeys were dying of infantile paralysis, Dr. Brodie killed them, snatched out their spinal cords which contained the virus of the disease, macerated the cords in a solution of formalin to kill the virus. This virtually is what other investigators of the infantile paralysis problem are trying. Dr. Brodie seems to be the first to apply the vaccine to humans...