Word: formely
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...marching headlong to capitalism but is attempting to reinvent Marxism by creating socialist markets, socialist competition and cooperative ventures. Private ownership of the means of production (land, factories) is still prohibited. Individuals cannot hire workers with a view to profiting from their labor but rather must form cooperative arrangements. There is a noncompetitive banking system, and no stock market for financing private ventures. Most important of all, there is no rational price system: thousands of prices are still set by state fiat rather than supply and demand, which means that supply never seems to equal demand...
...their glory days, they patrolled Philadelphia's mean streets, searched buildings and sniffed for bombs and narcotics. When they retired, the hounds of the Philadelphia police department's canine unit traditionally got pensions in the form of free dog food and veterinary care. But on March 1, Police Commissioner Willie Williams eliminated the benefits of 45 wet-nosed retirees to shave $13,500 from the department's $262 million budget. "When you are looking at cutting services to the homeless," said police spokesman Captain Richard De Lise, "how can you justify feeding dogs...
Each day a long queue of the curious would form. Inside the packed gallery, people would argue and gesticulate in front of abstract paintings -- a red square on a white ground, a fragmented cubist portrait -- done a generation before their birth...
Thus the discrediting of Stalin and his policies is virtually a precondition for any sort of reform. Vladimir Lakshin, deputy editor of the monthly Znamya, explains, "History concerns what is going on today and not just the past. We are not simply talking about Stalin but of a form of Stalinism that is so much a part of the flesh and blood that people are incapable of thinking in any but a Stalinist way. We have to get that out of our system...
...have no cult of Stalin, but we have a cult of the party," says literary critic Igor Zolotussky in the journal Novy Mir. "The party, and the idea it personifies, is always right. Party activists often make mistakes -- but the party, never. What is this but a new form of idolatry...