Word: formerly
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Moscow News, an outspoken (since glasnost) weekly newspaper. Under the headline THE BIG LIE, the paper reported on a round-table discussion it had organized on the Chernobyl issue. The party officials, journalists and lawmakers who took part recited a litany of accusations against such prominent citizens as former Ukrainian party boss Vladimir Shcherbitsky; Yevgeni Chazov, the Soviet Minister of Health; Anatoli Aleksandrov, former head of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; and Yuri Izrael, chairman of the State Committee on Hydrometeorology...
...mismanagement, moreover, started long before the Chernobyl accident itself, claims Shcherbak. The reactor's safety system, approved by former Academy of Sciences head Aleksandrov, had design flaws, and, says Shcherbak, a near accident at a similar reactor in 1976 was hushed up. Most disturbing is the contention that safety violations are still going on. Budko and journalist Vladimir Kolinko, for example, say that food grown in contaminated soil is still being distributed to children, among others. And last week Komsomolskaya Pravda, a Moscow daily, published a story by Vladimir Lipsky, president of the Byelorussian branch of the Soviet Children...
...least one accusation -- that the accident released 1 billion or more curies of radiation, rather than the reported figure of 50 million to 80 million -- is denied by the authorities. Says Nikolai Steinberg, former chief engineer of the Chernobyl reactor and now deputy chairman of the State Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Industry: "We're not the only ones who came up with that figure. International scientists were involved as well." U.S. experts support the lower estimate. Nonetheless, Yablokov and other deputies have demanded that the Chernobyl installation, which is still operating, be closed down completely...
BUSINESS: "Made in the U.S.A." is regaining some of its former luster as American firms strive for quality...
...visit by the Polish-born former U.S. National Security Adviser was timely. Two years ago, Mikhail Gorbachev established a joint Soviet-Polish commission whose mandate included the reopening of the Katyn case. Since then, the Soviets have delayed a formal verdict. But officials, eager to clear the air before Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki's arrival in Moscow later this month, want to hasten a judgment. Applauding Gorbachev for making a "historic break with Stalinism," Brzezinski offered a face-saving way out. "Many Soviet people were also victims of Stalinism," he said. "So the acknowledgment of these crimes should lead...