Word: formerly
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...When former Speaker of the House Thomas (Tip) O'Neill retired after more than 50 years in politics, he had only $2,900 in the bank. But today O'Neill is faring far better, not just because of his best-selling book, Man of the House, but also due to his status as a trendy spokesman. O'Neill has appeared in ads for American Express and Miller Lite beer, among others. In current TV commercials, he can be seen rising from an open suitcase on the bed of a Quality Inns International motel...
...growing challenge to U.S. cigarette sales in Asia may be the local competition. Japan Tobacco, a former state-run monopoly that is being privatized, is already learning the marketing ways of the Marlboro man and the Virginia Slims woman. To attract younger customers, the company introduced a brand of cigarettes known as Dean, playing off the popularity of Hollywood legend James Dean. Since antismoking campaigns are only beginning to build in most Asian countries, the region's cigarette-marketing wars are likely to produce plenty of smoke and profits for several years to come...
Gorbachev used the close of the Central Committee plenum to purge one- quarter of the twelve voting members of the Politburo. He ousted three aging conservatives: Ukrainian party chief Vladimir Shcherbitsky, 71; former KGB chairman Viktor Chebrikov, 66; and agriculture specialist Viktor Nikonov, 60. Gorbachev's main nemesis, Yegor Ligachev, 68, stays on, but Western diplomats believe it suits the President to have a significant figure to his right as a counterweight to Boris Yeltsin on his left so he can bill himself as a middle-of-the-roader. Gorbachev promoted new KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov, 65, and chief economic...
Soviet and foreign analysts disagree on whether ethnic turmoil or economic failure is the greater threat to Gorbachev. There is no doubt, though, that the peril is real. "Even after this week," observed former British Ambassador to Washington Sir Oliver Wright, "the odds are against him." A Soviet political scientist in Moscow, Yevgeni Ambartsumov, is equally grim. "The threat of economic collapse exists," he says. "Things are getting worse...
Though they live in the small village of Makov (pop. 4,754), where only about half the people have running water, the Dulls are comfortably housed in a former Communist Party hunting lodge in the midst of a game reserve teeming with wild animals. The Dulls have been given a car and gasoline and receive a monthly stipend of about $700 apiece. Soviet farm workers make as little as 90 rubles ($140) a month...