Word: fowlers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Biggest of all big questions that scientists ask is: "How did the universe originate?" At last week's Pasadena meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, two Caltech professors, Astrophysicist Jesse L. Greenstein and Physicist William A. Fowler, took issue with the "big bang" theory of the birth of the universe. According to this theory, all the matter in the universe was once concentrated in a single dense mass consisting mostly of neutrons. Some of the neutrons disintegrated, forming protons and electrons. They joined with the protons and one another, forming heavier elements. The original nuclear reactions were complete...
...Stars. Drs. Greenstein and Fowler, backed by a group of British cosmologists, believe that the universe was formed gradually out of a cloud of plain hydrogen over billions of years. Old stars that condensed first from the cosmic cloud were made entirely of hydrogen; there was nothing else to be made of. As nuclear reactions took place inside them, they turned partly into helium by fusion processes similar to those that generate the energy of hydrogen bombs. They also cooked up middleweight elements such as carbon and oxygen...
...chart could understand what was going on in it. It was optimistic-the "good" organs, by exercise, would increase in size. Two men with heads as massive as Beethoven's took the whole thing over. They were Lorenzo N. ("salesman extraordinary") and Orson S. ("impresario and high priest") Fowler. The brothers graduated phrenologists from their institute, published a Phrenological Journal (last issue, 1911), and had a bigger collection of skulls than a Sepik River tribe...
...Historian Davis has unearthed some strange phrenological lore. There was, for instance, the man who picked horses by studying the shape of their skulls. Horace Greeley suggested that in the interests of safe train travel, brakemen should have the right-shaped head. There was even phrenological housing: Orson Fowler had built a mansion in the shape of an octagon, which started quite a fashion for octagonal houses...
When the officials of Haverford College, on Pennsylvania's Main Line, tried to talk Geographer Gilbert Fowler White into taking over the presidency in 1946, he was about as reluctant as a candidate can be. At 34, he felt that he was much too young for the job; he was also much fascinated by geography, in which he took his doctorate (1942) at the University of Chicago. Nevertheless, White finally accepted-and proved to be as wrong about himself as he had been reluctant...