Word: fractionalized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...been encouraging the use of safer X-ray machines for years, many devices of antique design still adorn countless offices. Some have not even been equipped with an electronic timer, available since 1955, to go with the use of high-speed film and cut the exposure time to a fraction of a second. The vast majority still have, at their business end, a plastic cone three or four inches long. This makes aiming easier, but, unless specially insulated, it permits secondary radiation to scatter in all directions...
What the U.S. Public Health Service recommends, and the A.D.A. approves, is a machine that delivers an X-ray beam 2¾ in. in diameter. Extra-heavy aluminum filters weed out useless rays, and lead shielding keeps all radiation within bounds. The patient gets only a small fraction of the radiation that was sprayed out of pre-1958 machines...
...time students" scores above 70 on the draft exam he will be safe as an undergraduate, while he must score above 80 to continue through graduate school. The other route lets a student stay in college if he can maintain an average which places him in a certain upper fraction of the class...
...virtually the only medicine effective in preventing viral infections. Trade-named Symmetrel, it has been tested on more than 3,000 human subjects, and has shown remarkable effectiveness in protecting against Asian-A influenza. For an adult the effective dose of amantadine is 200 mg. a day, a tiny fraction of an ounce...
...trouble is that a tiny fraction more is dangerous; even a young adult in good condition suffers severe side effects with a dose of only 300-400 mg. The reactions observed among medical students, reports the University of Illinois' Dr. George Gee Jackson, "were predominantly alterations of the emotional state and of cerebration. These students complained of inability to concentrate and depression. Several described sensations of depersonalization and altered body image. There was a remarkable degree of associated anxiety." At doses of 400 mg., nearly every volunteer suffered such effects. Fortunately, the effects subside in a few hours...