Word: franklin
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Rightly or wrongly, Presidents on many occasions have irrevocably committed the country to foreign ventures without congressional consent. In the first two decades of the century, for example, American troops were sent repeatedly to preserve order or protect U.S. interests in Caribbean countries. In 1940 Franklin Roosevelt traded 50 World War I destroyers for British bases in the Western Hemisphere. As Winston Churchill observed, the action "would, according to all the standards of history, have justified the German government in declaring war." President Truman later dispatched troops to Korea without congressional approval, John Kennedy had his Bay of Pigs...
...chemical and biological weapons? There are three basic roles that such weapons might play: aggressive, defensive or deterrent. The U.S. has yet to ratify the 1925 Geneva Protocol outlawing the use of chemical-biological weapons, though it did approve a 1966 U.N. resolution to the same effect. In 1943, Franklin Roosevelt pledged that the U.S. would use those weapons only if an enemy used them first. Under State and Defense Department pressure in 1959, however, Congress refused to make formal the "no first strike" rule. Still, the U.S. has in effect forsworn any intention of initiating deadly chemical-biological warfare...
...bills $1.5 million. His frank approach is illustrated by a campaign to present R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. to the black community. One picture shows a Negro in a white shirt and necktie adjusting a complex piece of laboratory equipment. The caption: "What's Franklin Weaver doing in our chemical plant if he's not there to sweep?" It would be difficult for a white agency to be so candid...
...They formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations with Lewis as president. The C.I.O. extended unionization to the unskilled and semiskilled, organizing by industry instead of by trade. After rapid successes enrolling steel and auto workers, the union was firmly established. In 1937 Lewis had his first serious altercation with Franklin Roosevelt, triggered by a rash of "Little Steel" strikes. During one of them, in Chicago, police shot and killed ten workers. When Roosevelt was asked what he thought of the continuing management-labor clashes, he replied: "A plague on both your houses...
...paranoia strictly the domain of Mr. Pusey. Sometime later in the fall, when several student government organizations proposed withdrawing academic credit from ROTC courses, the Committee on Educational Policy, a sort of faculty executive committee, met to draft a resolution of its own on ROTC. When I called Dean Franklin L. Ford after the meeting to get a text of the resolution, I was told that it would not be released until a news conference two days hence, the morning which was slated to discuss ROTC. Ford had long had an arrangement with the CRIMSON whereby he told them...