Word: free
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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...Free ships furnish the only practicable remedy. - (a) They enable Americans to compete on equal terms for world's commerce.-(1) Ships can be bought at lowest price.-(b) Carrying trade should not be sacrificed to shipbuilding.-(1) It employs fifty times as many men: Kelley, Question of Ships, p. 31.-(c) American shipbuilding not seriously affected.-(1) Only iron ships concerned.-(d) Success of plan well illustrated by Germany's policy: D. A. Wells, as above...
...Lack of free registry was not responsible for the decline in American shipping.-(a) Under present laws our merchant marine reached its height.-(b) Decline due to-(1) Destruction of commerce by English-built cruisers: Bates, Chap. 9.-(2) Commercial depression following war.-(3) Mechanical changes-(x) Wood to iron.-(y) Sail to steam...
...Free registry offers no material advantages.-(a) American capital does now invest in foreign-built ships- "Whitewashed" sales: Hall, p. 75.- (b) Advantage of flying American flag subject to abuse...
...Free registry involves grave evils.-(a) Economic. (1) It would annihilate ship-building in U. S.-(2) It would withdraw millions of capital from the country.-(b) National.-(1) It would cripple us in time of war.-(x) No trained workmen.-(y) No shipyards to build in emergency...
...There are better alternatives than free registry.-(a) Removal of duties on materials.-(b) Sufficient mail subsidies to American built ships: Hall, p. 77; Porter, p. 14, et. seq.-(c) Change in taxation from principal invested in ships to net profits...