Word: freedman
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...that galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way. For decades, Sandage's results have suggested that the cosmos is 15 billion to 20 billion years old or thereabouts. That fits beautifully with cosmological theories-but almost nobody believes him anymore. Instead they're listening to a young whippersnapper named Wendy Freedman, who happens to work just down the hall from Sandage at the Carnegie's center in Pasadena, California. Freedman and a group of colleagues have lately used the Hubble Space Telescope to peg the age at somewhere between 8 billion and 12 billion years-which would make the cosmos...
WEIRD DATA, WEIRD THEORIES: The bewildering discoveries by Lauer, Postman, Freedman and company are only the latest in a barrage of bafflements that stargazers have had to absorb lately. Over the past few years, astronomers have uncovered the existence of the Great Wall, a huge conglomeration of galaxies stretching across 500 million light-years of space; the Great Attractor, a mysterious concentration of mass hauling much of the local universe off in the direction of the constellations Hydra and Centaurus; Great Voids, where few galaxies can be found; and galaxies caught in the throes of formation a mere billion years...
Last year, people visited Harvard's three art museums 82,379 times, according to Cynthia Freedman of the museums' public relations office...
...workers complain that for them expansion spells exhaustion. Throughout American industry, companies are using overtime to wring the most out of the U.S. labor force: the factory workweek currently is averaging a near record 42 hours, including 4.6 hours of overtime. Americans, observes Audrey Freedman, a labor economist and member of TIME's board, "are the workingest people in the world." The big-three automakers have pushed this trend to an extreme. Their workers are putting in an average of 10 hours overtime a week and laboring an average of six eight-hour Saturdays a year...
...intense drive for productivity is raising the rewards for training and education higher than ever. Between 1979 and 1989, calculates labor economist Freedman, median real income for year-round, full-time workers age 25 or more did not change significantly, but within that enormous group there were some dramatic shifts. College-educated women increased their earnings 16%, college- educated men slightly. Earnings of women with a high school education or less held about even. The big losers were men who never got past high school. Their inflation-adjusted earnings fell...