Word: frelimo
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Then, in the heady 1960s, as a student at Tanzania's University of Dar es Salaam, Museveni plunged into the African freedom movement. He learned guerrilla tactics with the Frelimo rebels of Portuguese-ruled Mozambique. He discovered pan-Africanism and Lenin. "Lenin wrote that imperialism was the economic penetration of backward areas by advanced countries. Colonialism was the political superstructure of this," says Museveni. "The message to us was, Until you get rid of both, you'll never be free, and you'll never develop...
...leader welcomed members of the other parties into his government but banned all further party activities. He copied a system he saw Frelimo use in Mozambique, organizing the population into a hierarchy of governmental committees to which members were elected as individuals, not party members. The U.S. accepted it when Museveni called this system an indigenous democracy, even when he won the presidency in 1996 by the same method of no-party elections. But last month Southwick blasted new legislation institutionalizing the system as "the functional equivalent of a one-party state." He is worried that the economically liberal President...
Mozambique. President Joaquim Chissano is showing much more pragmatism than Mengistu. Last summer Chissano's government abandoned the Marxist-Leninist credo that his Frelimo Party has embraced since it came to power in 1975. Transformed from "a vanguard of the worker and peasant alliance" to "a party of all the Mozambican people," the ruling group has stepped up market reforms that it initiated in the mid-1980s. Last January Chissano introduced a draft constitution that embraces universal suffrage, a secret ballot, direct election of both the President and the parliament and the reintroduction of private ownership of land...