Word: french
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Western Europe's navies, explains Robert O'Neill, director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, cannot spare military forces for the gulf without making "serious inroads" in their well- established European defense commitments. Still, British and French warships in the region, though operating independently, maintain close contact with American naval forces stationed there. Says a senior British defense official: "If there were any attempt to close the Strait of Hormuz and prevent the passage of Western oil tankers through the gulf, I have no doubt that the three navies would act together to keep the route open...
That lesson was vividly illustrated during the Falklands war in 1982 when an Argentine aircraft dispatched an Exocet missile to sink the British frigate Sheffield some 40 miles away. In the next two years the French-built sea- skimming missiles were snapped up by 27 nations. Even third-rate powers suddenly acquired the ability to threaten valuable warships from over the horizon...
Libya's South Pacific activities are extensive. In New Caledonia, indigenous Melanesians, who are known as Kanaks, have received Libyan weapons, which could be used in their struggle against the French colonial administration. Officials in Papua New Guinea complain that Gaddafi is wooing rebels along that country's Indonesian border with promises of arms and financial assistance. In Vanuatu last month, two Libyan agents were discovered searching for space to set up a People's Bureau in Port-Vila, the capital, apparently without the permission of Prime Minister Walter Lini's government. Not that Lini dislikes Libya. Indeed, his Vanua...
...magazines contribute an estimated 65% of the company's net profits, some face increasingly aggressive rivals. Hearst's Harper's Bazaar, the tony fashion journal that has run second to Conde Nast's Vogue, is now being challenged by the frisky, well-designed Elle, an American cousin of the French original. House Beautiful is losing ad pages to its onetime equal, House & Garden, which has gone upscale by offering lavish picture spreads and admiring articles by well-known writers about the residences of the rich and well furnished...
Indeed, the gold rush has set off a multisided conflict that now seems to be escalating. Indian activists accuse the Salesians (named after the 17th century French saint Francis de Sales) of destroying their traditional culture and replacing it with the values of European Christianity. At the same time, the Indians face aggressive outsiders: mining companies, free-lance prospectors and the Brazilian military. Bringing this simmering conflict to a head is the imminent retirement of Dom Miguel Alagna, 75, the autocratic bishop who for the past 20 years has reigned over the Arizona-size diocese from his unpretentious whitewashed brick...