Word: french
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Montagnier, filed two legal actions in the U.S. The first challenged a patent on the blood test awarded to Dr. Robert Gallo and his colleagues. The second charged Gallo with breach of contract for allegedly using for commercial purposes samples of virus sent to him by the French. Gallo had agreed to use the samples for research purposes only...
...French last week scored a minor triumph in the battle: the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office acknowledged that they indeed had a rival claim to the blood-test patent and were entitled to a formal hearing. Moreover, the Patent Office recognized the French as the "senior party," since their patent application was filed seven months earlier than the NIH application. Now, says Charles Lipsey, a patent attorney for Pasteur, "the burden of proving that they invented the test first is going to rest on Dr. Gallo...
Money aside, no one doubts that Gallo is as eager as the French to get the glory for one of the more important discoveries in late-20th century medicine. "It's what we call the race for the Nobel Prize," says one cynical scientist. In their second action, the Pasteur researchers are attempting to prove that they were the first to identify the AIDS virus. They hope to show either that the Americans derived their virus from French samples--essentially appropriating the virus as their own--or that the American discovery depended on key information provided by the Pasteur samples...
Much of the case will rest on the significance of subtle differences between the French and American viruses. Gallo insists that his virus is too genetically distinct to have been derived from the French strain. But according to James Swire, an attorney for Pasteur, "there is a body of scientific opinion" that disagrees. Swire has been seeking lab notebooks and memos from the NIH, under the Freedom of Information Act. So far, he says, "we've found lots of things that strengthen our complaint and nothing that damages it." Among the findings: a photograph illustrating one of Gallo...
...plan, designed to avoid wild fluctuations on currency markets, would affect the U.S. dollar, the yen, the West German mark, French franc and the British pound...