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...autobiographer's tools of the trade are completely lacking from this book. There are no crucial turning points, guiding-light ideals, or thematic "periods" of his life, and certainly no emotional traumas to scar the boy for life. (Skinner's only apparent reference to psychoanalysis is a dig at Freud while he describes an after school pastime--crawling into an old enclosed bookcase. "Both the isolation and the miniaturization appealed to me, but the almost fetal position was not consoling; on the contrary it was uncomfortably cramped...

Author: By Roger M. Klein, | Title: Totem and Taboo | 3/19/1976 | See Source »

...depend on data in which the observer and the observed are in the same person. The prohibition was lamentable, from the viewpoint of a fuller understanding of human behavior--after all, who but the individual himself is always present, with a front-seat view of everything he does? Freud recognized the risks involved in self-analysis, but rejected the loss to the behavioral sciences imposed by Watson's prohibition and so ignored it. Through exhaustive self-examination, he arrived at the principles of introspective psychology. Skinner overcomes the stricture by stepping outside himself. He considers only those aspects of himself...

Author: By Roger M. Klein, | Title: Totem and Taboo | 3/19/1976 | See Source »

Simultaneously, Marcus supplements the conventional analytical tools of the critic--close attention to the language and internal structure of texts--with methods drawn from other disciplines, particularly Marxian social theory and Freudian psychoanalysis. Marcus employs all of these methods to interpret each text he reads--whether by Engels, Freud, Dickens or Dashiell Hammett. And in each case, these different levels of analysis are neither entirely separable nor reducible one to the other. For Marcus, the tropes and ambiguities of a writer's language furnish keys to the underlying meaning of his work, to the way his vision of society...

Author: By Jonathan Zeitlin, | Title: Choice Critic | 3/15/1976 | See Source »

...number of essays illustrate the power of Marcus's methodology. In "Freud and Dora," Marcus uses literary techniques to probe psychoanalytical problems in one of Freud's case histories, elucidating his ambivalencies toward his patient and his as yet imperfect understanding of the transference relationship from the internal inconsistencies and shifts in tone of the writing. And in "Literature and Social Theory," Marcus draws out the connection between a certain style of narration and the presence of a functionalist, organicist social theory in George Eliot's fiction. By making this connection, Marcus was able to uncover the roots of both...

Author: By Jonathan Zeitlin, | Title: Choice Critic | 3/15/1976 | See Source »

...mystery. Some think the taboo arose from a general repugnance of having sex with a bloodily discharging woman. Others see it as caused by primitive man's sense of awe-and fear-at the sight of blood that does not clot and signifies neither illness nor death. Freud thought man made the taboo because bleeding women awakened his dread of castration. Karl Menninger saw the taboo as male anxiety over heightened female emotionality and sexuality during periods...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: The Sexes: Culture and the Curse | 2/23/1976 | See Source »

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