Word: freude
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...revolution in our attitude toward sex, Mr. Hefner had, alas, very little to do with it. It was inspired chiefly by Freud, D. H. Lawrence and Havelock Ellis. They made sex respectable, and Hefner made it profitable. If a man deserves to be remembered by posterity for that, then there is something fundamentally wrong somewhere...
...traditional separation of male and female roles has been based on male responsibility for economic welfare and social status, the relation of the family to the external society, and female responsibility for household functions and child-rearing, the internal maintenance of the family. Freud's concept of two principles of mental functioning, the pleasure and reality principles, is useful here. Freud noted that individual development was governed by the pleasure principle, and the development of civiliza- its perpetuation. He postulates the development of this insight into a new modality of cognition which he calls "organic knowledge." Like Laing's tion...
Laing criticizes Freud for not having "constructs for any social system generated by more than one person at a time." The criticism is somewhat hasty. While Freud lacks a construct for interpersonal relations comparable to Laing's Us and Them, Freud's pleasure and reality principles provide an approach to the problem of the individual and society which has no counterpart in Laing. Laing show no recognition of the economic basis of civilization, and does not attempt to reconcile his suggestions on sanity and inner voyages with an economic theory. Laing distrusts the validity of any system too large...
Herbert Marcuse, in Eros and Civilization, has used Freud's pleasure and reality principles to achieve a formulation of the resolution of the disjunctive processes of society. He foresees the complete alienation of labor, the stage at which ultimate automation has eliminated all want and necessity and minimized, to the point of elimination, the need for work. Ultimate automation will obviate the values of productivity, utility, competition and mastery and domination of the human and non-human environments which are components of the Freudian reality principle, called by Marcuse "the performance principle." The reality principle, no longer a performance principle...
Marcuse is a contemporary extension of the rational, analytic tradition which included Freud. Laing is a contemporary representative of the mystical humanist tradition which, in the last two centuries, has produced such formidable anti-rationalists as Blake, Nietzsche, and Hesse. The position of Laing in this tradition is beyond the scope of this article; his parallels with Blake, Nietzsche and Hesse too numerous to summarize here...