Word: freuds
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...intellectual history. He wore a beard when beards were fashionable--an unfashionable capitulation for a Harvard man. And his massive work on psychology contains only one tiny paragraph on sexuality--an equally unfashionable oversight today. Sex leads to Vienna, however, and few writers complement each other as well as Freud and James...
...particular needs." The classification or categorization is made for its utility, for its survival value; this should recall the influence of Darwin. Animals do not have a sense of self--they live in a state prior to Cogito ergo sum. So do infants. And this leads at last to Freud and his developmental scheme. "The id," Freud writes, "contains everything that is inherited, that is fixed in the constitution--above all, therefore, the instincts, which originate in the somatic organization and which find their first mental expression in the id in forms unknown...
...person with a strongly developed, intrusive subliminal region, James argues, will have a proclivity for hallucinations, obsessive ideas, and automatic actions that seem unaccountable by ordinary experience. As a simple illustration, he cites the phenomenon of post-hypnotic suggestion. In addition, he refers to the work of Freud, Janet, and Prince on hysteria. Though James explicity credits this research with shedding "a wholly new light upon our natural constitution," he refuses to employ it to "explain away" conversion...
When Jung at last dared to challenge Freud's early-libido theory (that neurosis results from sexual trauma in childhood), Jung recalls that Freud fainted dead away at the threat to his authority. Having lost his God, Jung says, Freud had made an even more terrible god out of sexuality. "Sexuality evidently meant more to Freud than to other people," Jung wrote. "For him it was something to be religiously observed." To Jung, Freud was a tragic figure-an authoritarian beset with the curse of the Caesars, a hollow old man haunted by obsessions. At last, Jung dreamed...
Jung notes that nothing is a clearer symbol of peevish authority than a customs inspector-but that is only half the dream. Readers who respect the power of a pun are free to ponder which of his customs Jung didn't want Freud inspecting, and as far as Jung's critics are concerned, that is the heart of the matter. For how else account for a man whose method in science was often to find enlightenment in a dream, pronounce the dream a hypothesis, then dream it ten times over again, and announce the establishment of a theory...