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...cell seem to be "turned on." In the language of biologists, the cells are differentiated. U.S. Biologists Robert W. Briggs and Thomas J. King confirmed this principle and pioneered the basic technique of animal cloning in the early 1950s. They removed the nuclei of unfertilized egg cells from female frogs. These nuclei were then replaced with nuclei taken from the cells of developing frog embryos, which at this early stage were merely clumps of cells that had not yet differentiated into specific organs. Some of the frog eggs, with their newly implanted nuclei, acted as if they had been fertilized...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: A Test-Tube Baby Is Not a Clone | 7/31/1978 | See Source »

...early 1960s, British Biologist John B. Gurdon took the technique a step further by replacing the nuclei of unfertilized eggs with the nuclei of cells that had differentiated into intestinal cells of young tadpoles. Some of the resulting cloned tadpoles matured into adult frogs. There have since been reports of successful cloning with nuclei from adult frog cells, but researchers have found that the best results are obtained by using the nuclei from cells of frogs in the early stages of embryonic development. The nuclei of adult animal cells are generally considered poor cloning material, possibly because many...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: A Test-Tube Baby Is Not a Clone | 7/31/1978 | See Source »

Politicians of both parties agree that Nixon could never run for public office again. One California Republican who was asked about Nixon's future grimaced: "Bringing him up again is like poking a dying frog to see if you can get one last jump out of him." But the man undoubtedly still arouses extremes of feeling. Distaste, contempt and even hatred rise almost reflexively in many Americans at the sound of his voice. The late Stewart Alsop, attempting to explain this automatic reaction to Nixon, once told the story of an argument he had about Franklin Roosevelt. Young Alsop...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Time Essay: Sightings of the Last New Nixon | 7/17/1978 | See Source »

...scientists overwhelmingly reject the possibility, saying that the major barrier--inducing an egg fertilized with an implanted body cell nucleus to develop--could not yet be overcome. They say that since a frog was successfully cloned in the early '60s, researchers have been unable to clone a mouse, let alone a man. Jonathan Beckwith '57, professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the Medical School, voices a common objection to Rorvik's claim: "I'm sort of surprise that the barriers could have been overcome so quickly and without hearing about...

Author: By Daniel Gil, | Title: Cloning Around | 4/15/1978 | See Source »

...third place for the first half of the race, the former Finnish Olympian proceeded to let loose with the frog kick of a bionic amphibian to overtake Hector in the last 50 yards...

Author: By Bill Scheft, | Title: Setting Was Everything in Swim Meet | 2/6/1978 | See Source »

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