Word: funds
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...years after perestroika was introduced, its effects on day-to-day economic life remain meager to the point of near invisibility. Grocery shelves are even barer than they were two years ago, partly because of bad weather conditions. Gorbachev's determination to force industry to become "self- financing" -- to fund current production from the proceeds of past sales -- has run into bureaucratic snags, with central planners continuing to exert control over factory operations by placing "state orders" that effectively determine how much factories produce. Plans exist to revitalize the agricultural sector with a podryad, or contract, arrangement modeled...
...central bankers and finance ministers who gathered in Berlin last week for the annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank encountered more than the usual round of interminable speeches and parties. While the world's top moneymen jawed away inside the International Congress Center, outside in the streets legions of leftist demonstrators chanted, "IMF, meeting of murderers!" At one point, policemen carrying Plexiglas shields and billy clubs broke up a boisterous crowd of 2,000. Another day, 75,000 marchers paraded peacefully. While the protests did not disrupt the conference, the bankers knew what they symbolized...
...should Third World debt be reduced? At the World Bank-IMF meeting, the Japanese presented a general plan. Borrowers would exchange some loans for long-term bonds, unofficially dubbed "junk debt." Interest on those notes would be guaranteed by special funds set up by the IMF, although the money would come from the debtor countries. Remaining commercial bank debt would be rescheduled. Brady, in what was seen as an attack on the plan, suggested that the Japanese proposal would transfer private debt to the public sector -- that is, to taxpayers -- since the notes would be insured by an IMF-administered...
...those proceedings without making an outright dollars-for-hostages offer that would smack of ransom. Washington could also insist on release of the hostages as a precondition for normalizing diplomatic relations with Iran and easing its opposition to favorable treatment of Iran by bodies such as the International Monetary Fund...
...more problems besides fickle weather. For five years, the government of Africa's largest country (more than three times the size of Texas) has been paralyzed by a bloody civil war against secessionist guerrillas in the south. Since 1986, Sudan has been ineligible for loans from the International Monetary Fund because of an inability to service its $12 billion debt. In April, Prime Minister Sadiq el Mahdi's failure to deal with the country's accumulating crises brought down his second government in two years. As if all those woes were not enough, a plague of locusts is threatening...