Word: gallingly
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Gallstones. About one-third of all elderly women have gallstones. If a patient suffers recurring attacks of colic-sharp pains in the right ribs and under the right shoulder blade-she had best have her gall bladder removed. There is no method of dissolving gallstones, no medical treatment to cure colic, no diet which will heal a scarred sac. Once her gall bladder is removed, a woman can get on very well, provided she follows a bland diet...
...Minnie Hill, TIME'S apologies. Now 78, dignified, charming Mrs. Hill modestly deprecates her pilot past, turns down all radio offers, gets roiled when she is compared with Tugboat Annie. (Beams her proud husband, however: "Minnie, if you had a little more gall, you'd be in the movies.") Says Mrs. Hill of her "ancient history": "I never wore overalls, I wore skirts...
Most surgeons prefer to cut out the gall bladder with the stones because a sack, once diseased, usually becomes inflamed again. The operation is not difficult, and since the gall bladder is not an essential organ (horses have none), a patient need only follow a low-fat diet to stay healthy...
...gall bladder is a "pear-shaped sack . . . [which] hangs from the under surface of the liver like a droplight from a ceiling." The liver manufactures from 30 to 50 ounces of bile every day, and the overflow (up to one ounce) pours into the gall bladder. From this tank, as well as from the liver, the bile trickles into the small intestine, where it helps digest fats...
...formation of gallstones, says Dr. Benmosché, is very like the process of cooking old-fashioned rock candy. In candymaking, slender threads are dropped into syrup, and sugar crystallizes around the threads. In the formation of gallstones: 1) the juices in the gall bladder become thickened by bacterial infection; 2) delicate cells drop off the bladder walls into the cavity, combine with the thick juices to form a tiny core; 3) cholesterol (one of the solids in bile) gathers around the nucleus, hardens into a stone...