Word: gallium
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Global Solar, picks his way along his factory floor, tracing the convoluted path that his thin-film solar panels follow from birth to shipping truck. The raw materials the workers carry are ultra-thin sheets of flexible plastic, which are then coated with a series of chemicals--indium, gallium, diselenide--that allows the module to turn sunlight into electricity...
...soon followed up the blue LED with the first bright green and white LEDs. An LED is a semiconductor that generates light, but very little heat, when an electric current is passed through it. Different semiconductor materials produce different colors; Nakamura used gallium nitride, which generates blue and white light. The resulting LEDs use as little as one-seventh the energy as an incandescent bulb and can last about 100 times as long, up to 100,000 hours. If they were widely used, LEDs could lead to enormous energy savings and carbon-emissions reductions. In the developing world, LEDs paired...