Word: gallium
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...perfect example of OSHA's inability to insure safe working conditions for high-tech workers is its inability to prevent firms from expanding the use of gallium arsenic "super chips"--the fumes from which killed John Zemotel. These chips are expected to enable computer companies to build machines that operate at speeds five times as great as the current generation of silicon-powered computers. The use of gallium arsenic, fatal in certain amounts, is thus expected to grow by 56 percent between...
...cosmonauts to remain aboard their semipermanent Salyut space stations for as long as seven months at a time, and 2) the possible commercial payoff from a space station, notably manufactured goods far superior to any made under the tug of earthly gravity. Among them: ultrapure Pharmaceuticals, difficult-to-grow gallium arsenide crystals for microchips, alloys made of metals that resist mixing on earth and a new generation of chemical catalysts for producing plastics and other synthetics...
...included physiological and biological stress tests, notably monitoring the skeletal changes that occur during prolonged exposure to weightlessness. The cosmonauts made extensive surveys of the earth, looking for oil deposits, checking crops and forests, and seeking untapped sources of fresh water. They cultured yeast cells and grew layers of gallium arsenide crystals, an important component of computer chips and lasers. The objective: to test the zero g environment for possible use in future space manufacturing facilities...
...create what in effect is an electron freeway without these obstructing potholes, Bell Physicist Raymond Dingle and his colleagues built a semiconductor made of extremely thin, alternate layers of aluminum gallium arsenide (which they doped) and gallium arsenide (which they left pure). They reasoned that any electrons donated by the impurity would tend to migrate to the adjoining undoped gallium arsenide layer because of their tendency to seek what physicists call a lower energy state. Explains the Australian-born Dingle: "It's rather like the inclination of water to flow downhill." The new design worked. Isolated from the obstructing...
Varian Associates of Palo Alto has also come up with an idea to tap the sun as a source of power. The firm has developed a gallium arsenide solar converter only one-third of an inch in diameter that can produce 10 watts of electricity from the sunlight reflected from a concentrating mirror...