Word: gallup
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Abolition. Millions of U.S. voters are disfranchised every four years by the college's winner-take-all system, and they are plainly eager for a change. A Louis Harris poll showed 79% of Americans in favor of abolishing the college and providing for direct election of the President; Gallup found 81% in favor of direct elections...
...circumstances--makes the public opinion surveys an important political tool. Even as simple mirrors of public opinion they can have far-reaching side effects. For instance, no one knows how many voters last month were swayed by a tendency to jump aboard a Nixon band wagon. Leading pollsters, including Gallup, unequivocally reject the notion that there may be a so-called "band-wagon effect." They cite Hubert Humphrey's dramatic comeback as evidence for their view. Still others feel that the polls may actually have helped Humphrey by generating an "underdog" sympathy vote. Whichever of these effects was dominant...
...POLLS are used in more sophisticated ways, new problems arise. It is difficult to accurately determine responses to issues of a complicated nature. This October the New York Times commissioned the Gallup organization to do a poll on various aspects of living conditions in Harlem. There were some 86 questions of a rather personal nature and the interviewers had a great deal of trouble getting answers...
When the poll was completed, a Times editor sent a reporter to a few of the addresses polled to get some direct quotes and discovered that the buildings didn't exist. Gallup scrapped the poll when he was told, and explained that because only black interviewers could be used it had been necessary to hire some people who were not on the regular staff. Two of these had falsified their data. Gallup explained that one of the primary means of checking interviews--spot checks by telephone--had been ineffective because there are so few phones in Harlem. He didn...
Another problem that has emerged in the recent campaigns is the extreme volatility of voters. Three consecutive polls in the last ten days of July showed radically different estimates of the respective strengths of Nixon and Rockfeller against various Democratic opponents. Gallup and Harris, two of the three involved, issued a joint statement explaining the discrepancy on the grounds of a shifting political scene, high voter volatility, and sampling errors. They added that, "each [poll] was an accurate reflection of opinion at the time it was taken...